Refractory Metals

Elemental semiconductors are semiconductor materials made from a single element. There are mainly silicon, germanium, selenium, etc., with silicon and germanium being the most widely used.

Tantalum is a refractory metal with great biocompatibility, but tantalum has high density and poor mechanical properties. Its biomedical applications include:

1. Cast pure tantalum surgical implant: ASTM F560;

2. Pure tantalum coating:

3. Sutures for plastic surgery and neurosurgery;

4. Radioisotopes for the treatment of bladder tumors.

Superalloys are not only key materials for hot end components such as fuel chambers, guides, turbine blades and turbine disks of aero-engines, and high-temperature components of aerospace rocket engines, but also high-temperature corrosion-resistant components required by industrial gas turbines, energy, and chemical industries. Superalloys are indispensable important materials in the national economy.

The melting point of tungsten is the highest among metals, and its outstanding advantage is that the high melting point brings good high temperature strength and corrosion resistance of the material, and it shows excellent characteristics in the military industry, especially in the manufacture of weapons.

Superalloys have a wide range of applications in the energy field. In high-parameter ultra-supercritical power generation boilers for coal power, superheaters and reheaters must be used with good creep resistance, oxidation resistance on the steam side and corrosion resistance on the flue gas side. 

Superalloy pipes with excellent performance; in gas turbines, turbine blades and guide vanes need to use hot-corrosion-resistant superalloys with excellent high-temperature corrosion resistance and long-term structure stability; in the field of nuclear power, steam generator heat transfer tubes must be selected Superalloys with good solution corrosion resistance; in the fields of coal gasification and energy saving and emission reduction, superalloys with excellent high temperature thermal corrosion resistance and high temperature abrasion resistance are widely used; in oil and natural gas mining, especially in deep well mining, drilling tools In the acidic environment of 4-150 ℃, coupled with the existence of CO_2, H_2S and sediment, etc., corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant superalloys must be used.

Another important application of high temperature materials in automotive engines is the turbocharger. The turbocharger uses the exhaust gas discharged from the cylinder to drive the turbine on a diesel engine or an internal combustion engine to increase the pressure of the intake air, thereby increasing the intake air volume and intensifying combustion.

The alloys used in iron and steel plants are the iron alloys required for deoxidizing and alloying the molten steel after tapping.

Rare metals are: germanium, silicon, nickel, etc., mostly used in diodes (germanium, silicon), triode, SCR and temperature controller (nickel).